CUCORP2K.WB3					LEX: from QLEX 5.0
January 1, 2000					Stats: from Corel Quattro 8


        LEX: A NON-COGNITIVE SCIENTIFIC MEASURE OF A TEXT'S LEXICAL ACCESSIBILITY/DIFFICULTY
	       AND
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORPUS--2000,  5000 TEXTS SELECTED TO REPRESENT THE FULL SPECTRUM
        OF NATURAL TEXTS --TALKING TO ANIMALS TO RESEARCH REPORTS IN SCIENCE JOURNALS)

                                                       DEVELOPED BY DONALD P. HAYES
               
         THESE 5000+ TEXTS WERE USED IN VALIDATING THE LEX MEASURES; SERVE AS A
REFERENCE	VALIDATING THE LEX MEASURES; SERVE AS A REFERENCE CORPUS FOR
INTERPRETING ANY NEW LEX ANALYSIS; ILLUSTRATE THE USES TO WHICH LEX MAY BE PUT:
TESTS OF APPLIED AND THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS; AND L AND APPLIED PREDICTIONS;
AND THE CORRELATES				AND FOR RELATING THESE LEX MEASURES TO OTHER
LANGUAGE AND HUMAN SCIENCE CONCEPTS.					   

Cf. LEXGUIDE 2000 FOR HOW LEX IS INTERPRETED, TEXTS ARE COMPARED, AND THE FILES RETRIEVED
DIRECTORY NAME N texts Mean Tokens Sentence Class after Length: area editing Mean in words Closed Mean word freq. / million LEX: sd LEX: mean
I. BROADCAST TEXTS [1]
A. PRE-SCHOOL SHOWS PRESCHTV 3 1799 6.7 38.9 398 1.5 -45.8
B. PRIMETIME SHOWS PRIMETIM 44 1098 7.6 38.3 371 5.9 -36.5
C. POPULAR LYRICS ON RADIO [n=87] LYRICS 7 4697 31.2 38.2 366 7.2 -35.8
D. POPULAR TV w/ children--reruns POPKIDTV 33 1148 6.9 36.9 359 5.4 -35.3
E. CARTOONS on TV CARTOONS 25 988 6.7 36.6 342 5.3 -29.4
F. POLITICAL & RELIGIOUS RELPOLTV 34 1339 18.1 46.4 311 11.5 -20.1
G. NEWS & INTELLECTUAL HIBROWTV 19 1046 16.6 47.5 285 10.3 -15.6
II. PRINTED TEXTS [1]
A. THE LEX STANDARD: NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPR 61 1205 21.6 47.1 214 6.6 0.0
1665--1900 (n=9) NW665900 1170 27.7 56.1 224 5.0 -2.7
1901--1992 (n=52) NW901992 1229 21.2 46.6 210 6.4 1.1
1. ARTICLES NEWSARTL 14 1131 23.1 44.5 224 12.5 -4.2
2. SECTIONS NEWSSECT 10 4121 16.5 41.9 218 35.4 -0.2
B. BOOKS FOR PRE-SCHOOLERS PRESCHBK 31 1197 11.7 44.1 358 9.8 -37.0
C. STAGE PLAYS [2] PLAYS 39 1424 7.4 38.4 337 13.0 -30.0
D. US--CHILDREN'S BOOKS USCHDBKS 94 1016 12.4 41.9 324 8.7 -29.3
E. UK--CHILDREN'S BOOKS UKCHDBKS 229 1336 16.0 44.2 311 9.6 -24.4
F. NANCY DREW SERIES NANCDREW 72 1929 10.8 42.2 291 3.9 -23.1
G. RELIGIOUS TEXTS RELIGION 9 1390 19.8 53.5 315 8.6 -21.6
H. COMIC BOOKS--UK & US COMICS 43 1037 11.7 41.0 303 11.3 -20.5
I. US--ADULT BOOKS ADULTBKS 35 1261 14.0 43.7 296 9.8 -19.6
J. MOBY DICK (5 versions) MOBYDICK 5 1147 18.6 45.6 281 19.7 -18.8
K. DIARIES: REV./CIVIL/CONT. WARS DIARIES 10 2914 21.1 44.9 262 8.0 -10.3
L. 17th EARL of OXFORD: LETTERS OXFORDLT 8 1282 45.6 39.7 303 5.9 -9.6
M. INTELLECTUAL TEXTS INTELLCT 19 1658 23.3 47.2 214 8.6 4.3
POETRY BY:
N. 19TH C. POETS [Shelley, Whitman...] 19CPOETS 9 1259 25.8 46.5 220 5.1 -0.4
O. 17th EARL of OXFORD (Age 16 to 26) OXFDPOEM 4 1092 23.4 34.6 242 2.9 0.0
P. Wm. SHAKESPEARE (Age 29 to ?) SHAKESPR 14 3398 31.7 32.9 221 6.4 2.4
Q. 16TH C. POETS [Spenser, Marlowe....] 16CPOETS 13 1220 35.8 37.2 203 7.4 7.3
DIRECTORY N Mean Mean Closed Mean LEX LEX: LEX:
SCHOOLBOOKS NAME texts tokens Sent. Class Sent. Class word sd mean
after Length: area Length: area freq./
1.PRIMERS PRIMER 72 million
1727-1918 n= 9 PR727918 1145 9.2 45.3 367 15.5 -37.4
1919-1945 n=13 PR919945 639 5.6 39.0 450 9.6 -54.7
1946-1962 n=15 PR946962 671 4.8 39.4 563 8.0 -70.1
1963-1991 n=35 PR963991 516 6.5 45.2 440 14.5 -50.1
2. FIRST GRADE:
UK--1946-1956 UKFIRSTG 14 832 8.1 46.8 399 10.6 -45.3
USA USFIRSTG 173 175
1727-1918 n=34 1S727918 1139 10.3 46.0 361 14.0 -36.3
1919-1945 n=29 1S919945 713 7.7 44.6 410 8.0 -47.5
1946-1962 n=16 1S946962 885 6.7 44.1 496 7.4 -60.2
1963-1991 n=96 1S963991 1063 7.4 43.7 426 12.0 -49.0
USA--1st G. Literature 1STGRLIT 21 988 6.9 43.0 348 10.0 -34.2
3. SECOND GRADE SECONDGR 96
1727-1945 n=17 2N727945 1107 10.3 45.4 367 11.5 -39.0
1946-1962 n=12 2N946962 1568 8.4 43.6 430 6.1 -53.0
1963-1991 n=67 2N963991 1480 9.1 43.3 381 8.4 -42.8
4. THIRD GRADE THIRDGRD 99
1896-1945 n=23 3R896945 1708 12.7 45.2 370 6.7 -38.8
1946-1962 n=25 3R946962 1435 10.7 44.6 364 7.0 -40.2
1963-1991 n=51 3R963991 1536 10.4 44.2 354 6.5 -37.6
5. FOURTH GRADE FOURGRAD 60
1838-1945 n=14 1723 1348 15.0 4T838945 1723 16.1 47.6 318 8.4 -26.9
1946-1962 n=11 4T946962 1772 11.7 45.6 333 4.1 -34.0
1963-1991 n=35 4T963991 1714 10.6 43.7 336 5.1 -33.5
6. FIFTH GRADE FIFTHGRD 62
1896-1945 n=12 5T896945 1779 19.8 48.4 292 6.4 -20.4
1946-1962 n=13 5T946962 2017 12.1 44.4 316 3.9 -28.6
1963-1994 n=37 5T963991 1897 11.9 44.3 314 4.8 -28.7
7. SIXTH GRADE SIXTHGRD 63
1866-1945 n=12 6T866945 1966 20.0 47.8 273 9.1 -15.9
1946-1962 n=14 6T946962 1789 11.9 45.5 318 6.8 -27.3
1963-1991 n=37 6T963991 2087 12.0 44.4 297 10.5 -23.3
8. SEVENTH GRADE SEVENGRD 42
1878-1945 n=15 7T878945 2072 20.0 48.2 273 10.7 -14.6
1946-1962 n= 9 7T946962 1950 14.7 45.8 291 4.0 -21.7
1963-1991 n=18 7T963991 2558 12.9 44.3 299 5.3 -23.4
9. EIGHTH GRADE EIGHTGRD 42
1905-1945 n=14 8T905945 2306 21.0 47.5 275 4.4 -13.4
1946-1962 n= 8 8T946962 2267 13.2 46.2 282 4.0 -19.7
1963-1995 n=20 8T963991 2386 14.6 44.8 295 6.4 -22.0
10. ASSESSMENT TOOLS ASSESSMT 4 1541 8.0 46.0 363 3.4 -40.8
11. HIRSCH--SHOULD KNOW HIRSCH 3 2078 14.5 48.1 314 7.1 -27.5
12. REMEDIAL--GRADES 1,3,5 REMEDIAL 3 2009 8.2 47.9 295 10.2 -23.9
13. WHOLE LANGUAGE--1st WHOLLANG 8 1367 6.0 40.4 298 9.2 -23.3
14. HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH HISCHENG 35 2383 13.3 43.5 308 10.2 -22.5
15. HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE HISCHSCI 8 3756 18.3 49.0 198 7.7 -0.5
DIRECTORY N Mean Mean Closed Mean LEX LEX:
NAME texts Tokens Sent. Class word sd mean
after Lngth: area Length area freq./
R. MAGAZINES & JOURNALS editing in words in words million
1. PRE-SCHOOL PRESCHMG 2 1021 9.3 39.0 314 8.1 -24.5
2. ELEMENTARY AGE CHILDMAG 4 1041 11.0 42.9 284 1.5 -19.5
3. ADOLESCENT ADOLMAGS 18 1091 14.6 42.2 292 9.7 -17.9
4. SPORTS SPORTMAG 13 1055 15.8 44.6 260 9.2 -10.8
5. TOP-TWENTY--USA TOP20MAG 16 1044 15.8 41.6 240 7.3 -6.0
6. ADULT--General ADLTMAGS 44 1706 18.9 43.7 229 9.2 -2.2
7. ADULT--Intellectual INTELMAG 9 1421 22.4 45.4 217 7.2 2.1
S. SCIENCE journals & magazines.
1. NATURE (1869-1998) NATURE
Articles describing research (n=20) NATRARTL
1869--1945 NA869945 8 1537 30.0 52.3 200 3.6 1.2
1946--1994 NA946994 12 1665 25.7 48.3 128 7.2 25.7
Watson & Crick Letter to Ed. WATSONCR 1 829 20.5 50.1 164 11.0
Crick/Watson--Royal Acad version CRICKWAT 1 3858 25.9 48.9 174 10.5
Editorials 1998 NATEDITS 1 1952 24.6 48.9 167 15.6
Letters to Editor --1940-1990 NATRLETS NATRLETS 8 1261 25.9 48.4 138 4.7 19.7
Review articles 1990 (12 samples) NATRVART 1 1159 25.7 46.7 125 23.5
News & Views 1998 (n=25) NATNEWSV NATNEWSV 1 4452 24.4 44.1 143 23.8
In this Issue 1998 (n=25) NATINISS 1 17828 24.5 43.7 138 24.8
Letters to Editor 1998 (n=25) NATLETRS 1 5749 24.6 43.0 102 34.7
Articles 1998 (n=25) NATARTLS 1 7429 24.4 43.6 102 34.9
Abstracts of Letters 1998 (n=25) NATRABST 1 4122 25.1 44.3 95 38.8
Most difficult text passage NATRHARD 1 90 32.3 46.7 44 58.5
2. SCIENCE (1883-1995) SCIENCE
Articles (n=18) SCIEARTL
1883-1949 SC883945 8 3483 27.6 50.9 197 6.0 2.9
1950-1994 SC950994 10 1788 25.2 47.4 131 6.7 20.1
News and Comments 1990 SCINEWSC 1 1756 26.5 42.9 200 4.1
News, Research News 1990 & 94 SCINEWSR 3 1645 22.9 45.1 199 3.0 5.2
This Week in Science 1990 & 91 SCITHSWK 1 1033 26.0 43.0 141 22.7
Reports SCIENRPT 7 1357 23.5 46.3 94 8.5 23.5
Research Articles 1940 & 1990 SCIRESAR 2 1207 25.4 47.8 119 5.1 25.9
Abstracts of articles SCIEABST 11 984 22.7 43.3 94 8.0 35.5
3. SCIEN. AMER (1845-1995) SCIEAMER
Supplement (1876-1912) SCIAMSUP 5 1279 30.6 52.2 211 3.3 -1.1
Articles (n=73) SCIAARTL
1845-1959 SC845959 33 2153 27.0 51.7 207 3.3 -0.4
1960-1996 SC960996 40 2584 23.0 48.4 173 3.5 10.2
4. Old Science (~1200-1879) OLDSCIEN 5 1297 31.5 55.1 220 7.2 -2.0
5. DISCOVER DISCOVER 6 1729 19.6 43.2 220 2.4 -0.3
6. SCIENCE DIGEST SCIDIGST 4 1193 19.3 45.6 206 3.8 1.9
7. SCIENCE-80; -83; -86 SCIENC80 3 1351 19.9 46.3 195 5.2 2.9
8. POPULAR SCIENCE & MECHANICS POPSCIMX 6 2053 17.2 44.2 197 2.7 3.6
9. HUMAN SCIENCES HUMANSCI 18 1862 24.9 47.3 196 9.2 3.6
10. NATURAL HISTORY NATURALH 5 1481 21.8 45.6 200 4.4 4.2
11. SCIENCE TEXTS-College SCITEXTB 12 1241 21.3 47.6 172 9.8 9.4
12. SCIENCE NEWS SCIENEWS 8 3026 22.4 43.1 175 3.1 10.9
13. UK Prof. Science Journals UKSCIENC 39 1255 23.7 51.9 163 9.2 11.6
14. PROF. SOCIETY MAGS SCIPOPMG 5 1188 22.0 44.7 164 7.2 12.1
15. US Prof. Science Journals USSCIENC 40 1227 24.0 49.6 149 9.6 16.8
16. MEDICINE MEDICINE 3 1463 21.9 44.2 142 7.7 23.3
DIRECTORY N Mean Mean Closed Mean LEX: LEX:
NAME texts Tokens Sent. Class word sd mean
after Length area freq./
III. SPOKEN TEXTS [1] editing in words in words million
A. FORMAL SPEECH
1. Criminal Trial: Patricia Hearst
a. Attorneys & General Witnesses HRSTATWT
Defense (Bailey) > Witnesses DEFtoWIT 21 474 12.2 49.2 378 13.8 -31.5
Prosecutor > Witnesses PROtoWIT 29 468 11.9 49.5 351 11.0 -28.7
Witnesses > Defense WITtoDEF 21 461 8.7 42.6 345 15.2 -35.1
Witnesses > Prosecutor WITtoPRO 29 385 8.3 44.4 345 13.8 -35.2
b. Attorneys & Expert Witnesses HRSTATEX
Attorney > experts ATTNEXPT 31 512 14.4 46.8 299 8.5 -15.5
Experts > Attorneys EXPTATTN EXPTATTN 29 666 15.9 43.6 320 13.0 -26.0
c. Prosec. & Defendant: P. Hearst HRSTPRPH
Prosec > P. Hearst 1 11676 12.4 51.9 359 -31.6
P. Hearst > Prosec 1 4228 4.9 40.4 403 -44.9
d. Defense & Defendant: P. Hearst HRSTBAPH
F.L. Bailey > P. Hearst 1 10429 10.8 49.5 417 -37.0
P. Hearst > F. L. Bailey 1 6491 7.4 45.4 383 -43.8
e. Judge to witnesses HRSTJUDG 3 645 15.7 48.3 327 2.7 -26.6
2. Civil Trial: Livermore, 1940 [2] TRIAL940 35 1045 9.8 41.8 430 10.0 -46.9
3. Other Trials & Hearings [2] TRIALHRS 66 1298 11.5 46.2 333 15.8 -26.3
4. University Lectures UNIVLECT 3 1142 22.9 46.7 294 6.4 -22.2
5. Political speeches POLITICN 11 1732 17.9 45.5 314 11.8 -21.0
6. U.S. Senate Hearings: [2] USSENATE 46 662 20.8 47.6 273 9.1 -11.0
7. Hearing on Challenger Disaster [2] CHALLENG 6 1360 19.5 48.9 236 11.4 -4.1
B. INFORMAL/UNREHEARSED SPEECH:
1. Talk to animals ANIMALS 4 569 3.6 28.4 452 6.6 -48.4
2. Adults > infants ADLTINFT 5 2425 5.2 31.9 410 12.8 -42.2
3. WATERGATE CONVERSATIONS
a. Nixon & Haldeman [3] NIXNHALD 94
To Haldeman N=55 674 9.6 43.9 378 5.8 -38.0
From Haldeman N=54 1017 12.2 44.7 351 6.7 -32.8
b. Nixon & Erhlichman NIXNERHL 58
To Erhlichman N=29 1012 9.5 43.4 382 7.2 -38.5
From Erhlichman N=29 1489 11.7 45.3 356 6.3 -33.3
c. Nixon & Dean [3] NIXNDEAN 30
to Dean n=15 1366 9.9 45.3 390 5.7 -38.7
From Dean n=15 1557 11.4 43.4 370 4.8 -34.6
d. Nixon & Kleindienst NIXNKLEI 12
To Kleindienst n=6 947 10.6 44.8 373 4.4 -35.9
From Kleindienst n=6 1025 12.1 44.7 339 7.5 -28.8
e. Nixon & Haig [3] NIXNHAIG 32
To Haig n=16 1005 11.5 43.4 388 4.3 -38.6
From Haig n=16 726 11.1 42.1 363 5.7 -34.5
f. Nixon & Petersen NIXNPETR 22
To Petersen n=11 1936 10.8 44.0 386 5.0 -40.9
From Petersen n-11 1468 10.0 43.3 331 7.8 -29.0
g. Nixon & Rogers NIXNROGR 8
To Rogers n=4 1710 12.8 45.5 363 3.7 -34.7
From Rogers n=4 757 11.6 42.1 359 4.6 -34.7
h. Nixon & Ziegler NIXNZIEG 42
To Ziegler n=21 564 10.5 45.3 362 5.6 -35.7
From Ziegler n=21 393 11.6 47.7 393 7.8 -30.7
DIRECTORY N Mean Mean Closed Mean LEX: LEX:
NAME texts Tokens Sent. Class Sent. Class word sd Mean
after Length: area freq./
editing in words million
5. Teacher > 6/7 yr olds [3] MONTESOR 4 711 7.3 40.5 398 4.0 -45.0
6. Adult talk [3] ADLTTALK 106 609 6.7 36.5 388 7.8 -41.9
7. Interviews w/ immigrants [3] INTRVIEW 11 6095 12.1 42.5 385 5.5 -37.6
8. Drug Dealer: FBI wiretaps DRUGDELR 22 380 8.6 33.6 408 6.9 -30.3
9. Same Person: Different contexts CONTEXTS 15 910 20.2 47.9 320 15.9 -22.8
10. Six airline crashes pooled: pilot talk CRASHES CRASHES
No Trouble 8.9 1447 7.0 36.8 336 -29.5
In Trouble 12 412 4.8 33.7 280 -18.5
10. A MAJOR TIME SERIES:
G. WELLS' mother/child talk [3]
[texts with >50 words only]
a. at 18 mos, 32 children WELLS18 49
Mother > Child 410 3.5 34.2 404 4.8 -45.2
Child > Mother 109 1.6 22.2 322 19.2 -29.7
b. at 21 mos, 32 children WELLS21 51
Mother > Child 388 3.5 34.0 398 6.1 -45.0
Child > Mother 131 1.6 18.0 294 19.0 -25.7
c. at 24 mos, 32 children WELLS24 61
Mother > Child 454 3.8 34.7 391 5.9 -43.3
Child > Mother 188 1.9 21.2 348 10.7 -36.4
d. at 27 mos, 32 children WELLS27 63
Mother > Child 409 3.6 35.4 391 6.6 -44.0
Child > Mother 289 2.1 24.2 373 11.9 -38.4
e. at 30 mos, 32 children WELLS30 62
Mother > Child 414 3.8 35.1 393 9.6 -43.7
Child > Mother 356 2.4 26.2 430 9.8 -46.2
f. at 33 mos, 32 children WELLS33 61
Mother > Child 390 3.8 35.0 394 5.6 -44.3
Child > Mother 377 2.6 29.2 437 10.0 -48.6
g. at 36 mos, 32 children WELLS36 62
Mother > Child 408 4.1 35.8 407 7.0 -46.0
Child > Mother 432 2.9 33.3 434 6.9 -49.9
h. at 39 mos, 32 children WELLS39 61
Mother > Child 394 3.8 37.0 397 7.0 -45.3
Child > Mother 525 3.0 33.6 436 8.9 -48.2
i. at 42 mos, 32 children WELLS42 60
Mother > Child 377 4.0 35.9 413 7.4 -47.7
Child > Mother 537 3.1 35.0 431 7.3 -49.2
j. at 60 mos, 32 children WELLS60 64
Mother > Child [double length 812 9.4 35.4 391 8.2 -45.0
Child > Mother recording] 880 9.2 34.6 398 6.5 -44.9
k. at 60 mos, different cohort WELLS60A 26
Mother > Child 300 [4] 34.7 414 6.5 -48.8
Child > Mother 614 [4] 35.6 388 6.2 -44.6
MANY OF THESE TEXTS CAME FROM COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH WITH MARGARET G. AHRENS
11. Parents with their children [2]
a. MOM01-- 1 child MOM01 12
b. MOM02--3 children MOM02 8 No summary statistics: the texts/experiments
c. MOM03--3 children MOM03 7 are too diverse in age or social background
d. MOM04--1 child MOM04 3 or involve complex experimental treatments.
e. MOM05--1 child MOM05 15
f. MOM06--2 children MOM06 9
g. MOM07--2 children MOM07 17
Parents and their children (cont.) NAME N
DIRECTORY texts
h. MOM08--3 children MOM08 5
i. MOM09--1 child MOM09 2
j. MOM10--1 child MOM10 5
k. MOM11--1 child MOM11 4
l. MOM12--1 child MOM12 6
m. MOM13--2 children MOM13 8
n. MOM14--1 child MOM14 3
o. MOM15--2 children MOM15 5
p. MOM16--1 child MOM16 4
q. MOM17--1 child MOM17 3
r. MOM18--2 children MOM18 10
s. MOM19--Gerry Haas MOM19 24
t. MOM20--4 children MOM20 19
u. MOM21--1 child MOM21 2
v. MOM22--1 child MOM22 2
w. MOM23--Naomi Sachs MOM23 56
x. MOM24--Abe Kucjak MOM24 49
y. MOM35--1 child MOM35 8
12. Parents, child & stranger [3]
a. MOM25--1 child MOM25 8
b. MOM26--1 child MOM26 4
c. MOM27--1 child MOM27 2
d. MOM28--1 child MOM28 2
e. MOM29--1 child MOM29 3
f. MOM30--1 child MOM30 2
g. MOM31--1 child MOM31 2
h. MOM32--1 child MOM32 2
i. MOM33--1 child MOM33 5
j. MOM34--1 child MOM34 2
13. Laboratory experiments using LEX
[Some used M. G. Ahrens' PhD thesis]
a. audience x topic effects EXPT0485 25
b. Descript. vs explanation EXPT0685 12
c. Talk > Mo/Fa x Knowl. EXPT0985 95
d. Identifying topics & word rank EXPT0292 20
e. Age effects EXPT0286 37
f. Advanced vs Remedial EXPT0986 34
g. Topic effects EXPT0288 48
h. Audience x topic EXPT0988 184
i. Targeting texts EXPT1089 74
j. Sub-topic effects EXPT0490 19
k. Written (vs spoken) texts EXPT0990 36
l. Varying level for audience EXPT0992 260
m. Sub-topic vs LEX Accom. EXPT0993 117
n. Talk to a LEX target level